Objective:
To demonstrate how size affects a star’s apparent brightness.

Standards:
Objects in the Sky (sky object properties, locations, and movements).

Materials:
two flashlights, aluminum foil, pencil, two sheets of blank paper.

Procedure:
Cover the lens end of one of the flashlights with a piece of aluminum foil.
Using the pencil, make a hole in the [...]

Objective:
To demonstrate how a black hole may be formed.

Standards:
Objects in the Sky (sky object properties, locations, and movements), Origin and Evolution of the Universe (star and galaxy formation; how stars produce energy and the formation of all elements), and Motions and Forces (gravitation properties and predicting its strength).

Materials:
two small, [...]

Objective:
To demonstrate why Venus has such a high temperature.

Standards:
Objects in the Sky (sky object properties, locations, and movements), Earth in the Solar System (position, properties of sun, earth, its moon, and the other planets), Interactions of Energy and Matter (waves have energy and can transfer energy when they interact with matter), [...]

Objective:
To show how distance affects a planet’s period of revolution around the sun.

Standards:
Objects in the Sky (sky object properties, locations, and movements) and Earth in the Solar System (position, properties of sun, earth, its moon, and the other planets).

Materials:
a yardstick and a ruler.

Procedure:
Hold the yardstick and ruler [...]

Objective:
To demonstrate a solar eclipse.

Standards:
Objects in the Sky (sky object properties, locations, and movements) and Earth in the Solar System (position, properties of sun, earth, and its moon; predictable motions explain day, year, moon phases and eclipses).

Materials:
coin and a large stationary object outside or across the classroom.

Procedure:
Close one [...]